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Fr-fr adulte carte 15 forçage radiatif (voir la source)
Version du 26 janvier 2020 à 01:28
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* Page 699 | * Page 699, [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis] : | ||
<q> Radiative forcing (RF) quantifies the '''change''' in energy fluxes caused by '''changes''' in these drivers for 2011 '''relative to 1750''', unless otherwise indicated. </q> | <q> Radiative forcing (RF) quantifies the '''change''' in energy fluxes caused by '''changes''' in these drivers for 2011 '''relative to 1750''', unless otherwise indicated. </q> | ||
* | * Passage du rapport IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis justifiant la proposition de modification du verso de la carte | ||
<u> P. 661, 2ème paragraphe </u>: le forçage radiatif effectif (ERF) est le déséquilibre qui existerait si la température des océans et de la banquise était resté bloqué aux valeurs de 1750. | |||
Whereas in the RF concept all surface and tropospheric conditions are kept fixed, the ERF calculation presented here allow all physical variables to respond to perturbations except for those concerning the ocean and sea ice. | |||
(…) | |||
RF and ERF are estimated over the Industrial Era from 1750 to 2011 if other periods are note explicitly stated. | |||
(…) | |||
The total anthropogenic ERF over the Industrial Era is 2.3 W m-2. | |||
Page 664, introduction de 8.1 : | |||
In this chapter, we discuss RF from natural and anthropogenic components during the industrial period, presenting values for 2011 relative to 1750 unless otherwise stated, and projected values through 2100. | |||
Page 664, dernier paragraphe de 8.1.1.1 : | |||
…radiative forcing was defined as the change in net irradiance at the tropopause after allowing for stratospheric temperatures to readjust tor radiative equilibrium, while holding surface and tropospheric temperatures… at the unperturbed values. | |||
Page 665, Box 8.1 : Definition of Radiative Forcing and Effective Radiative Forcing | |||
RF is defined as the change in net downward radiative flux at the tropopause… while holding surface and tropospheric temperatures…at the unperturbed values. | |||
ERF is the change in net TOA downward radiative flux after allowing atmospheric temperatures… to adjust but with surface temperature or a portion of surface conditions unchanged. | |||
Page 669, Figure 8.1 : une illustration de la définition du forçage radiatif | |||
Cartoon (b) : RF, Tropospheric temperature fixed | |||
Cartoon (d) : ERF, Ocean temperature fixed | |||
Cartoon (e) : present state, the net flux is zero | |||
En 2011, le bilan radiatif est nul (e) mais le forçage radiatif est de 2.3 W m-2 (d) ! | |||