En-en adult card 23 hindered calcification process

Card #23: Calcification difficulties

When the pH drops, it becomes harder for calcium carbonate seashells to grow.

Explanation

The formation of limestone (calcification) follows the chemical reaction Ca⁺⁺ + 2HCO₃^- ⇔ CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

It requires the presence of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃^-). However, the quantity of these ions in water depends on the pH: in water, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions and carbonates ion are in equilibrium, depending on the pH :

CO₂ + H₂O ⇔ H₂CO₃ ⇔ H⁺ + HCO₃^- ⇔ 2 H⁺ + CO₃^2-.

The addition of an acid shifts the equilibrium towards the left of the equation. In other words, if the pH drops, there are fewer bicarbonate ions, making it more difficult for organisms to build their shells.

Correction

Causes

• Ocean Acidification

Consequences

• Pteropods and Coccolithophores

Other possible links

Other consequences

• Marine biodiversity Calcification problems do not only affect pteropods and coccolithophores. Coral reefs are also affected, for example, so this link is acceptable.