En-en adult card 17 increase in water temperature

Card #17: Increase in Water Temperature

Causes		Consequences
Energy Budget		Disruption of the Water Cycle Sea Level Rise Marine Biodiversity Cyclones

Oceans absorb 93% of the energy accumulated on Earth.
Their temperature has therefore increased, especially in the upper layers.
The water expands as it warms up.

Correction

Causes

• Energy Budget

Consequences

• Disruption Water Cycle
• Sea Level Rise
• Marine Biodiversity
• Cyclones
• Methane Hydrates

Explanation

The ocean is warming by only about a tenth of a degree at the surface and even less under water. Why so little when it absorbs 93% of the excess energy on Earth? This is because it is much larger than the atmosphere and it has a much greater calorific capacity.

To measure this, you need to remember that the ocean covers 71% of the Earth's surface and that it has a depth of 4000 m on average. The atmosphere extends over a greater height, but if brought it back to the same density as water, it would only be 10 m thick. (That's why we gain one atmosphere of pressure every 10 m when we dive.)

The water expands very little. How can warming the ocean by a tenth of a degree result in a rise in the water level? A first answer is that the ocean is 4000 m deep on average, so a very small expansion is enough to amount to a few centimeters. A more complete explanation is given in a practical sheet.