En-en adult card 30 droughts - Revision history

Karen Schmitt: Structure change

2021-10-30T14:07:53Z

Structure change

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 30 October 2021
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	{{Card		== Card #30: Droughts ==
	\|~~number=30~~		<center>
	~~\|version=adult~~
	~~\|title=~~Droughts		[[File:En-en_adult_card_30_front.png\|400px]]
	}}
			The disruption of the water cycle can both increase and decrease rainfall. A lack of rain can cause drought. Droughts are likely to become more
			frequent in the future.

			</center>

	== Explanation ==		== Explanation ==
	A drought is a period of abnormal water shortage. A meteorological drought is when there is a drop in rainfall, and an agricultural drought is when soil moisture drops abnormally, affecting crop production. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>.		A drought is a period of abnormal water shortage. A meteorological drought is when there is a drop in rainfall, and an agricultural drought is when soil moisture drops abnormally, affecting crop production. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>.

Karen Schmitt: Change to English version of ICOS report

2021-04-09T13:48:32Z

Change to English version of ICOS report

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 9 April 2021
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	== Other possible links==		== Other possible links==
	===Other consequences===		===Other consequences===
	* [[En-en adult card 12 carbon sinks\|Carbon sinks]] If a lack of rain occurs while plants are growing, there is less photosynthesis and therefore a reduction in capacity of the carbon sink. In Europe, in 2018, carbon sinks declined by 18%<ref>https://www.icos-cp.eu/~~drought~~-~~special~~-~~issue~~-~~french~~</ref>.		* [[En-en adult card 12 carbon sinks\|Carbon sinks]] If a lack of rain occurs while plants are growing, there is less photosynthesis and therefore a reduction in capacity of the carbon sink. In Europe, in 2018, carbon sinks declined by 18%<ref>https://www.icos-cp.eu/science-and-impact/science-contribution/success-stories/drought</ref>.

	==To go further==		==To go further==

Karen Schmitt: Link add for Memo

2021-04-09T13:40:56Z

Link add for Memo

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 9 April 2021
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	*[[En-en_adult_card_35_forest_fires\|Forest Fires]]		*[[En-en_adult_card_35_forest_fires\|Forest Fires]]

	== ~~To go further~~ ==		== Other possible links==
			===Other consequences===
			* [[En-en adult card 12 carbon sinks\|Carbon sinks]] If a lack of rain occurs while plants are growing, there is less photosynthesis and therefore a reduction in capacity of the carbon sink. In Europe, in 2018, carbon sinks declined by 18%<ref>https://www.icos-cp.eu/drought-special-issue-french</ref>.

	==~~= Occurrences of this phenomenon =~~==		==To go further==

	==== Africa ====		===Occurrences of this phenomenon===

			====Africa====
	The worst drought in Africa hit in 2020: according to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), 45 million people are in a situation of severe food insecurity. These include Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe<ref>[https://fr.wfp.org/communiques-de-presse/afrique-australe-les-agences-de-lonu-appellent-soutenir-davantage-les UN World Food Programme, Southern Africa: UN agencies call for more support for hungry people in the face of climate shocks (French)]</ref>.		The worst drought in Africa hit in 2020: according to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), 45 million people are in a situation of severe food insecurity. These include Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe<ref>[https://fr.wfp.org/communiques-de-presse/afrique-australe-les-agences-de-lonu-appellent-soutenir-davantage-les UN World Food Programme, Southern Africa: UN agencies call for more support for hungry people in the face of climate shocks (French)]</ref>.

	Tree density is declining in the western Sahel and semi-arid Morocco, beyond the changes due to land use. (IPCC WG2 AR5)		Tree density is declining in the western Sahel and semi-arid Morocco, beyond the changes due to land use. (IPCC WG2 AR5)

	==== Asia ====		====Asia====
	In the 1960s, the Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world, more than twice the size of Belgium (70,000km²)<ref>[https://observers.france24.com/fr/20090827-mort-mer-aral-ouzbekistan-kazakhstan-urss-environnement France 24, The death of the Aral Sea (Frech)]</ref>. Today, it has almost disappeared: the Aral Sea has lost 75% of its surface area, 14 metres in depth and 90% of its volume<ref>[http://www.cawater-info.net/aral/data/tabs_e.htm Project INTAS-0511 REBASOWS, ''Database of the Aral Sea / Bathymetric characteristics'']</ref>, which has increased its salinity and caused the disappearance of most endemic species. The number of fish species has fallen from 32 to 6. Shipwrecks can be seen on the old seabed<ref>[https://lewebpedagogique.com/seconde3hg/files/2017/01/Pages-manuel-mer-dAral.pdf The Educational Web, The Aral Sea, repairing a man-made disaster (French)]</ref>.		In the 1960s, the Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world, more than twice the size of Belgium (70,000km²)<ref>[https://observers.france24.com/fr/20090827-mort-mer-aral-ouzbekistan-kazakhstan-urss-environnement France 24, The death of the Aral Sea (Frech)]</ref>. Today, it has almost disappeared: the Aral Sea has lost 75% of its surface area, 14 metres in depth and 90% of its volume<ref>[http://www.cawater-info.net/aral/data/tabs_e.htm Project INTAS-0511 REBASOWS, ''Database of the Aral Sea / Bathymetric characteristics'']</ref>, which has increased its salinity and caused the disappearance of most endemic species. The number of fish species has fallen from 32 to 6. Shipwrecks can be seen on the old seabed<ref>[https://lewebpedagogique.com/seconde3hg/files/2017/01/Pages-manuel-mer-dAral.pdf The Educational Web, The Aral Sea, repairing a man-made disaster (French)]</ref>.

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	Decreasing soil moisture in central and northeast China (1950 -2006) (IPCC WG2 AR5 medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)		Decreasing soil moisture in central and northeast China (1950 -2006) (IPCC WG2 AR5 medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

	==== Europe ====		====Europe====
	Appearance of desert landscapes in south-eastern Spain<ref>[https://www.consoglobe.com/espagne-desertification-cg Consoglobe, Desertification is gaining ground in Spain (French)]</ref>.		Appearance of desert landscapes in south-eastern Spain<ref>[https://www.consoglobe.com/espagne-desertification-cg Consoglobe, Desertification is gaining ground in Spain (French)]</ref>.

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	The drought of 2003 was the most costly in its history<ref>[http://www.senat.fr/rap/r09-039/r09-039_mono.html Information Report No. 39 (2009-2010) by Mr. Jean-Claude FRÉCON and Mrs. Fabienne KELLER, made on behalf of the Finance Committee, Drought of 2003: a past that doesn't go by (French)]</ref>, affecting 8,000 French communes and having to push legislation to change its definition of natural disasters, because the drought led to landslides and made land totally uninhabitable.		The drought of 2003 was the most costly in its history<ref>[http://www.senat.fr/rap/r09-039/r09-039_mono.html Information Report No. 39 (2009-2010) by Mr. Jean-Claude FRÉCON and Mrs. Fabienne KELLER, made on behalf of the Finance Committee, Drought of 2003: a past that doesn't go by (French)]</ref>, affecting 8,000 French communes and having to push legislation to change its definition of natural disasters, because the drought led to landslides and made land totally uninhabitable.

	==== Americas ====		====Americas====
	In the United States, autumn 2012 saw the worst drought in 25 years: 80% of agricultural land was affected, with two-thirds of the farms affected, leading to 4% inflation in food prices in 2013. In 7 American states, agricultural yield statistics have highlighted a depletion of water resources ranging from 90% to 100% (Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Dakota, Nebraska...).		In the United States, autumn 2012 saw the worst drought in 25 years: 80% of agricultural land was affected, with two-thirds of the farms affected, leading to 4% inflation in food prices in 2013. In 7 American states, agricultural yield statistics have highlighted a depletion of water resources ranging from 90% to 100% (Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Dakota, Nebraska...).

	== References ==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

	[[fr:Fr-fr_adulte_carte_30_sécheresses]]		[[fr:Fr-fr_adulte_carte_30_sécheresses]]

Karen Schmitt: Minor corrections

2021-04-05T14:07:18Z

Minor corrections

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 5 April 2021
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	\|title=Droughts		\|title=Droughts
	}}		}}
			== Explanation ==
			A drought is a period of abnormal water shortage. A meteorological drought is when there is a drop in rainfall, and an agricultural drought is when soil moisture drops abnormally, affecting crop production. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>.

			Lack of rainfall and evaporation from the ground are the causes of droughts, as well as soil erosion.
	== Correction==		== Correction==
	===Causes===		===Causes===
	* [[En-en_adult_card_20_disruption_water_cycle\|Disruption Water Cycle]]		*[[En-en_adult_card_20_disruption_water_cycle\|Disruption Water Cycle]]
	=== Consequences ===		=== Consequences ===
	*[[En-en_adult_card_26_river_flooding\|River Flooding]]		*[[En-en_adult_card_26_river_flooding\|River Flooding]]
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	*[[En-en_adult_card_32_decline_agricultural_yields\|Decline Agricultural Yields]]		*[[En-en_adult_card_32_decline_agricultural_yields\|Decline Agricultural Yields]]
	*[[En-en_adult_card_35_forest_fires\|Forest Fires]]		*[[En-en_adult_card_35_forest_fires\|Forest Fires]]

	~~== Explanation ==~~
	A drought is a period of abnormal water shortage. A meteorological drought is when there is a drop in rainfall, and an agricultural drought is when soil moisture drops abnormally, affecting crop production. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>.

	~~Lack of rainfall and evaporation from the ground are the causes of droughts, as well as soil erosion.~~

	== To go further ==		== To go further ==

Ouahcene at 10:19, 5 April 2021

2021-04-05T10:19:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 5 April 2021
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	\|title=Droughts		\|title=Droughts
	}}		}}
			== Correction==
			===Causes===
			* [[En-en_adult_card_20_disruption_water_cycle\|Disruption Water Cycle]]
			=== Consequences ===
			*[[En-en_adult_card_26_river_flooding\|River Flooding]]
			*[[En-en_adult_card_31_freshwater_resources\|Freshwater Resources]]
			*[[En-en_adult_card_32_decline_agricultural_yields\|Decline Agricultural Yields]]
			*[[En-en_adult_card_35_forest_fires\|Forest Fires]]

	== Explanation ==		== Explanation ==

Karen Schmitt: Minor corrections

2021-03-21T15:59:06Z

Minor corrections

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 21 March 2021
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	== Explanation ==		== Explanation ==
	A drought is a period of ~~abnormally dry weather long enough to cause a serious hydrological imbalance~~. ~~It can be called an agricultural~~ drought ~~if soil moisture~~ is ~~measured, or a meteorological drought if~~ there is a drop in rainfall. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>. Lack of rainfall and evaporation from the ground are the causes of droughts.		A drought is a period of abnormal water shortage. A meteorological drought is when there is a drop in rainfall, and an agricultural drought is when soil moisture drops abnormally, affecting crop production. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>.

			Lack of rainfall and evaporation from the ground are the causes of droughts, as well as soil erosion.

	== To go further ==		== To go further ==
Line 18:		Line 20:

	==== Asia ====		==== Asia ====
	In the 1960s, the Aral Sea was the fourth largest ~~lacustrine area~~ in the world ~~(the Aral Sea is a lake). It was initially~~ more than twice the size of Belgium (70,000km²)<ref>[https://observers.france24.com/fr/20090827-mort-mer-aral-ouzbekistan-kazakhstan-urss-environnement France 24, The death of the Aral Sea (Frech)]</ref>. Today, it has almost disappeared: the Aral Sea has lost 75% of its surface area, 14 metres in depth and 90% of its volume<ref>[http://www.cawater-info.net/aral/data/tabs_e.htm Project INTAS-0511 REBASOWS, ''Database of the Aral Sea / Bathymetric characteristics'']</ref>, which has increased its salinity and caused the disappearance of most endemic species. The number of fish species has fallen from 32 to 6. Shipwrecks can be ~~found~~ on the old seabed<ref>[https://lewebpedagogique.com/seconde3hg/files/2017/01/Pages-manuel-mer-dAral.pdf The Educational Web, The Aral Sea, repairing a man-made disaster (French)]</ref>.		In the 1960s, the Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world, more than twice the size of Belgium (70,000km²)<ref>[https://observers.france24.com/fr/20090827-mort-mer-aral-ouzbekistan-kazakhstan-urss-environnement France 24, The death of the Aral Sea (Frech)]</ref>. Today, it has almost disappeared: the Aral Sea has lost 75% of its surface area, 14 metres in depth and 90% of its volume<ref>[http://www.cawater-info.net/aral/data/tabs_e.htm Project INTAS-0511 REBASOWS, ''Database of the Aral Sea / Bathymetric characteristics'']</ref>, which has increased its salinity and caused the disappearance of most endemic species. The number of fish species has fallen from 32 to 6. Shipwrecks can be seen on the old seabed<ref>[https://lewebpedagogique.com/seconde3hg/files/2017/01/Pages-manuel-mer-dAral.pdf The Educational Web, The Aral Sea, repairing a man-made disaster (French)]</ref>.

	In India in 2009: the lowest rainy season since 1970 and the strong first year that rice imports have been necessary to feed its population since the late 1980s.		In India in 2009: the lowest rainy season since 1970 and the strong first year that rice imports have been necessary to feed its population since the late 1980s.
Line 27:		Line 29:
	Appearance of desert landscapes in south-eastern Spain<ref>[https://www.consoglobe.com/espagne-desertification-cg Consoglobe, Desertification is gaining ground in Spain (French)]</ref>.		Appearance of desert landscapes in south-eastern Spain<ref>[https://www.consoglobe.com/espagne-desertification-cg Consoglobe, Desertification is gaining ground in Spain (French)]</ref>.

	In France, since 2001, 670 natural disasters have been recorded in metropolitan France and the overseas departments. They have caused 15,539 deaths, 96% of which were due to the ~~heat wave~~ of 2003, and cost more than 10 billion euros in insured damage alone<ref>[https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/670-catastrophes-naturelles-lorigine-de-plus-de-15000-morts-depuis-2001#:~:text=La%20temp%C3%AAte%20Klaus%20de%202009,665%20millions%20d'euros) Banque des Territoires Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, Risks - 670 natural disasters causing more than 15,000 deaths since 2001 (French)]</ref>.		In France, since 2001, 670 natural disasters have been recorded in metropolitan France and the overseas departments. They have caused 15,539 deaths, 96% of which were due to the heatwave of 2003, and cost more than 10 billion euros in insured damage alone<ref>[https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/670-catastrophes-naturelles-lorigine-de-plus-de-15000-morts-depuis-2001#:~:text=La%20temp%C3%AAte%20Klaus%20de%202009,665%20millions%20d'euros) Banque des Territoires Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, Risks - 670 natural disasters causing more than 15,000 deaths since 2001 (French)]</ref>.

	The drought of 2003 was the most costly in its history<ref>[http://www.senat.fr/rap/r09-039/r09-039_mono.html Information Report No. 39 (2009-2010) by Mr. Jean-Claude FRÉCON and Mrs. Fabienne KELLER, made on behalf of the Finance Committee, Drought of 2003: a past that doesn't go by (French)]</ref>, affecting 8,000 French communes and having to push legislation to change its definition of natural disasters, because the drought led to landslides and made land totally uninhabitable.		The drought of 2003 was the most costly in its history<ref>[http://www.senat.fr/rap/r09-039/r09-039_mono.html Information Report No. 39 (2009-2010) by Mr. Jean-Claude FRÉCON and Mrs. Fabienne KELLER, made on behalf of the Finance Committee, Drought of 2003: a past that doesn't go by (French)]</ref>, affecting 8,000 French communes and having to push legislation to change its definition of natural disasters, because the drought led to landslides and made land totally uninhabitable.

Ouahcene at 10:47, 14 February 2021

2021-02-14T10:47:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 14 February 2021
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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

			[[fr:Fr-fr_adulte_carte_30_sécheresses]]

Ouahcene: First draft of entire page

2021-02-10T14:57:48Z

First draft of entire page

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 10 February 2021
Line 6:		Line 6:

	== Explanation ==		== Explanation ==
			A drought is a period of abnormally dry weather long enough to cause a serious hydrological imbalance. It can be called an agricultural drought if soil moisture is measured, or a meteorological drought if there is a drop in rainfall. A mega-drought is a persistent and widespread drought that lasts much longer than normal (usually a decade or more)<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL_FRENCH.pdf#page=216 Glossary for Report 5, Working Group 1](French)</ref>. Lack of rainfall and evaporation from the ground are the causes of droughts.

			== To go further ==

			=== Occurrences of this phenomenon ===

			==== Africa ====
			The worst drought in Africa hit in 2020: according to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), 45 million people are in a situation of severe food insecurity. These include Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe<ref>[https://fr.wfp.org/communiques-de-presse/afrique-australe-les-agences-de-lonu-appellent-soutenir-davantage-les UN World Food Programme, Southern Africa: UN agencies call for more support for hungry people in the face of climate shocks (French)]</ref>.

			Tree density is declining in the western Sahel and semi-arid Morocco, beyond the changes due to land use. (IPCC WG2 AR5)

			==== Asia ====
			In the 1960s, the Aral Sea was the fourth largest lacustrine area in the world (the Aral Sea is a lake). It was initially more than twice the size of Belgium (70,000km²)<ref>[https://observers.france24.com/fr/20090827-mort-mer-aral-ouzbekistan-kazakhstan-urss-environnement France 24, The death of the Aral Sea (Frech)]</ref>. Today, it has almost disappeared: the Aral Sea has lost 75% of its surface area, 14 metres in depth and 90% of its volume<ref>[http://www.cawater-info.net/aral/data/tabs_e.htm Project INTAS-0511 REBASOWS, ''Database of the Aral Sea / Bathymetric characteristics'']</ref>, which has increased its salinity and caused the disappearance of most endemic species. The number of fish species has fallen from 32 to 6. Shipwrecks can be found on the old seabed<ref>[https://lewebpedagogique.com/seconde3hg/files/2017/01/Pages-manuel-mer-dAral.pdf The Educational Web, The Aral Sea, repairing a man-made disaster (French)]</ref>.

			In India in 2009: the lowest rainy season since 1970 and the strong first year that rice imports have been necessary to feed its population since the late 1980s.

			Decreasing soil moisture in central and northeast China (1950 -2006) (IPCC WG2 AR5 medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

			==== Europe ====
			Appearance of desert landscapes in south-eastern Spain<ref>[https://www.consoglobe.com/espagne-desertification-cg Consoglobe, Desertification is gaining ground in Spain (French)]</ref>.

			In France, since 2001, 670 natural disasters have been recorded in metropolitan France and the overseas departments. They have caused 15,539 deaths, 96% of which were due to the heat wave of 2003, and cost more than 10 billion euros in insured damage alone<ref>[https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/670-catastrophes-naturelles-lorigine-de-plus-de-15000-morts-depuis-2001#:~:text=La%20temp%C3%AAte%20Klaus%20de%202009,665%20millions%20d'euros) Banque des Territoires Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, Risks - 670 natural disasters causing more than 15,000 deaths since 2001 (French)]</ref>.

			The drought of 2003 was the most costly in its history<ref>[http://www.senat.fr/rap/r09-039/r09-039_mono.html Information Report No. 39 (2009-2010) by Mr. Jean-Claude FRÉCON and Mrs. Fabienne KELLER, made on behalf of the Finance Committee, Drought of 2003: a past that doesn't go by (French)]</ref>, affecting 8,000 French communes and having to push legislation to change its definition of natural disasters, because the drought led to landslides and made land totally uninhabitable.

			==== Americas ====
			In the United States, autumn 2012 saw the worst drought in 25 years: 80% of agricultural land was affected, with two-thirds of the farms affected, leading to 4% inflation in food prices in 2013. In 7 American states, agricultural yield statistics have highlighted a depletion of water resources ranging from 90% to 100% (Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Dakota, Nebraska...).

			== References ==
			<references />

Laurent Wargon: Created page with "{{Card |number=30 |version=adult |title=Droughts }} == Explanation =="

2021-01-26T21:01:14Z

Created page with "{{Card |number=30 |version=adult |title=Droughts }} == Explanation =="

New page

{{Card
|number=30
|version=adult
|title=Droughts
}}

== Explanation ==